How to distinguish edible mushrooms from poisonous ones?

Silent hunting - like any hunting - is a dangerous occupation if its laws are violated. Therefore, many mushroom pickers are concerned about the question: how to check the mushrooms for toxicity and minimize the risks of poisoning?

5 commandments of the mushroom picker

Galerine edged - deadly poisonous mushroom

1. Deadly poisonous mushrooms must know in person

It is easy to remember the main signs of deadly mushrooms.

• All of them are lamellar.

There are inedible representatives of the tubular, but not among them mortally poisonous. So, with lamellar specimens - special care.

• The most poisonous of them belong to the family of fly agaric: Amanita panther, pale grebe, Amanita stinky (white grebe), fly agaric.

They are united by two signs: thickening-Volvo at the root of the leg; collar ring under the hat. Only two signs - and the quiet killer will not fall into your basket!

• Galerine fringed - a poisonous individual, looks like a summer honey agaric,

but grows in coniferous forests where this species does not occur. Her calling card is a thin fringe along the inner edge of the hat and a ring inside her. In order not to be poisoned by a galley bordered, it is not necessary in the summer to look for mushrooms under coniferous trees.

• The Patuillard fiberglass is 20 times more poisonous than the red fly agaric.

The signal to the cautious mushroom picker will be a sharp, unpleasant odor, similar to technical alcohol, and a quick reddening of the flesh filled with poison. The first instance of the find must be broken before being sent to the basket.

There are many other mushrooms in the forest - potential poisoners, but they do not, as a rule, lead to death.

2. Distinguish double mushrooms

Inedible species are often disguised as valuable so that even an experienced person finds it difficult to distinguish them. Check the mushrooms for toxicity will help the following table.

Tip

If the find casts doubt on edibility, do not take it; in extreme cases, put separately from other trophies, so that it does not come into contact with them.

Thin pig

3. Refuse to collect earlier popular but actually dangerous forest gifts

These include: thin pig, greenfinch, line.

• Thin pig - time bomb. It contains an antigen protein that can accumulate over the years, and then trigger an autoimmune blood coagulation reaction. Sudden death from a heart attack, stroke or thrombosis - and few people will guess that the cause of this was prolonged mushroom intoxication.
• Greenfinch - contains substances that are not excreted from the body. Accumulating, they worsen the work of the kidneys, muscle fibers, thicken the blood.
• Lines - contain hydromyrin.Its concentration in a specific batch of mushrooms in our ecological environment is unpredictable. And even if you cook them in accordance with all the rules and use them several times in a row, you can get a heavy “blow” to the kidneys and liver.

4. Do not pick mushrooms in industrial areas and in dry weather

From the track - no less than 200-300 meters, otherwise the lead of the exhaust gases gets stuck in the kidneys and bones and lead to disability. And overgrown and wormy specimens are already full of decay products and waste products of larvae - more visible poison is difficult to find.

Pale toadstools - deadly poisonous mushrooms

5. Do not believe myths

Do not trust some common signs.

• If the fungus is eaten by insect larvae, then it is edible. This is not true: substances that are harmless to insects can be fatal to humans.
• If the find tastes good, then it is edible. “But all the fly agarics are tasty and poisonous at the same time.”
• All young individuals can be eaten without fear. Yes, in most cases, the poison accumulates with age, but the toadstool, for example, has been fatal since childhood.

Thus, the main work on checking trophies is carried out in the forest: there should not be poisonous and poisoned in the basket.

Fiber of Patuillard - a deadly poisonous mushroom

Is it possible to check the mushrooms for edibility folk remedies?

The definition of “mushroom poison” using homemade products is a dangerous myth. How to test mushrooms without knowing either the composition of the poisons or the substances reacting to them? “Tested tools” detect completely different substances.

• Checking with onions, vinegar, and milk, which they try to use as indicators of toxins, actually shows the presence of enzymes such as tyrosinase (onions darken from it), pepsin (milk is curdled). These enzymes are found in many foods, which does not mean their unsuitability for food.
• Silver things, dipped in water with mushrooms, darken from amino acids containing sulfur - this is also not poison. There are a lot of them in meat, fish, seeds - protein-rich foods.
• But substances that cause poisoning, improvised means to clean water can not be removed. Currently, an “indicator ticket” has been patented, which determines the toxin of the pale toadstool and the entire deadly genus Amanit, but its mass application has not yet been heard.

So that the delicacy does not become poison

Even good mushrooms can cause health problems for various reasons.

1. Mushroom dishes are heavy food for the body. People with a sick liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal diseases, hypertension and metabolic disorders should be prepared for health problems when they are used. They are safe for those who are healthy.
2. The shelf life of the collected mushrooms is one day, then their edibility quickly decreases.
3. Do not roll mushrooms tightly. The spores of botulism at home are not destroyed. The wand of them develops without oxygen, the use of mushrooms from such a can in 60 cases out of 100 results in death. You can insure yourself by boiling the contents for 15 minutes. But who wants to eat such a dish?

Tip

You can’t cook and store mushrooms in containers made of aluminum, zinc or in ceramic dishes coated with glaze. They will lose their edibility

Mushroom picking - “silent hunting” - is not a safe activity at all: you need to be careful and know the enemy well so as not to suffer from your own trophies.